Examining Teaching through a New Lens: Learning about English Language

As a future educator, I tend to find myself wondering close my students. I think about the challenges that may airlift and the tasks that I will need to accomplish. I know that there will be many joys and rewarding times during teaching I also lie with the potential struggles. I wanted to make my direction for this paper a learning experience. I wanted to dive into information on a national that I was unsure of and learn more about how to handle it. I aimed to find information about ELL, English spoken language learner, students and how I could assist them in the classroom. My Topic and What I Already Knew about My TopicI will explain in this section why I wanted to research at bottom the topic of ELL students. I will also provide my past knowledge and experiences that include being with ELL students due to my observation in a public check for my F200 class. The few weeks I spent observing shed a new light on the subject for me.Topic ChoiceI decided to focus my research on the topic of ELL students. I knew that understanding ELL students would be important to my future. I knew that it would be critical to find out information on ELL students because I only speak English. I wanted to know what I could do as these students teacher to help them learn as much as possible. then(prenominal) Knowledge and ExperienceIf you would have asked me about ELL students any time prior to this year, I would have not been able to tell you one thing about them. I honestly never had the thought of having to teach a student who spoke a different language than me. I grew up in a small, rural town with all English speaking students. I never saw my teachers faced with the dilemma of having a different language spoken in the classroom. Not being exposed to ELL studen... ...eb.b.ebscohost.comEnglish language learners. (2013). Retrieved from https//nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cgf.aspErnst-Slavit, G., Moore, M., & Maloney, C. (2002). Changing lives teaching English and liter ature to ESL students. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 46(2), 116-128. Retrieved from http//web.b.ebscohost.comGoldenberg, C. (2008). Teaching English language learners. American Educator, 32(2), 8-44. Retrieved from http//www.aft.org/pdfs/americaneducator/summer2008/goldenberg.pdfHeining-Boynton, A. L. (n.d.). Keys to success for English language learners. Retrieved from http//www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/760Vacca-Rizopoulos, L. A., & Nicoletti, A. (2009). Preservice teachers reflections on effective strategies for teaching Latino ESL students. Journal of Latinos and Education, 8(1), 67-76. Retrieved from http//web.b.ebscohost.com

Hamlet: Act 2 Scene 2 :: Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlet Act 2 Scene 2 - Compare Hamlets Reaction to Arrival of Rosencrantz andGuildenstern and To the PlayersCompare Hamlets reaction to the stretch of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern withhis reaction to the arrival of the Playyers. Account for his reactions. By comparing Hamlets reaction to the arrival of Rosencrantz andGuildenstern with his reaction to the arrival of the Players, we can observethe different perspectives of Hamlets character. His reaction to the arrival ofhis octogenarian friends is similar to his reaction to the arrival of the Players in ashe is happy to see them all and he reveals his saneness to them all. WhenRosencrantz and Guildenstern arrive, Hamlet is overjoyed to see his delicategood friends (2.2.227) with whom he grew up. Hamlet is also delighted to meetwith the Players. But this is where all the similarities end. In hisconversations with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlet becomes suspicious ofthe purpose of his old friends visit and he is perceptive enoug h to see throughthe egresser disguise into the interior motives. He forces them to reveal that theyhave been sent by the King to find out what is causing Hamlets transformation( 2.2.5). Hamlet admits his sanity by telling his good friends that his uncle-father and aunt mother are deceived. (2.2.348) Why does Hamlet admit hissanity to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern? Is it an another attempt to at deception,or is it to implant a sense of trust between Hamlet and his old friends? Hamletcould possibly be furthering his plans for vindicate by admitting his sanity.Hamlets friends would relay the message to the King and Claudius may think thatHamlet really is mad for admitting that he was supposedly feigning madness. Onthe other hand, at the conversation with the Players, his behavior isspontaneous. He welcomes his good friends (2.2.431) and it seems that he isglad (2.2.430) to see them again. He is friendly, funny and very open in hiscommunication with the Players. Hamlet notices that no npareil of the teenaged players whoplays female roles has grown a beard and he makes a joke about it. It alsoindicates that Hamlet has known them for a long time. The young Prince Hamletalso demonstrates his sanity when meeting with the Players. Hamlet shows that heis still capable of reasonable thought when he recites the lines to a play thathe has perceive only once. Hamlet reestablishes his friendship with the Players andshows his sanity to the Players so that he can further his plan for revenge.

Improving the Educational System Essays -- Education Teaching Learning

Improving the Educational System Teachers are committed to challenging all students to succeed, whatsoever their abilities, interests, social and cultural background, gender, prior attainment or aspirations. As future teachers, we need to know the aspects of society, so that we can ensure that each one of our students is lucky and achieves his or her potential through the education provided. In this paper, I will be using the articlesfrom the affectionate Class/Race and School Finance element of the class to evaluate the effects of social stratification, cultural capital, and social reproduction, shallow financing, and school environment. amicable stratification lies at the core of society and of the discipline of sociology. Social inequality is a fundamental aspect of virtually all social processes, and a persons position in the stratification system is the most consistent prognosticator of his or her behavior, attitudes, and life chances. Social stratification links a lmost all aspects of society together, and therefore experienceing what is happening to social stratification helps us understand a wide range of other changes in society. In the article Social Class Differences In Family-School Relationships The Importance of Cultural Capital by Annette Laureau, summarizes a study of family-school relations and cultural capital. The results(of the study) suggest that social class position and class culture becomes a form of cultural capital in the school setting(Laureau, 1987). The families of working class lacked money, time, individual educational attainment, value of education, and high expectation on their children where as the middle-class families had all the advantages to support their childrens achievement at school. Lareau shows the effortful evidence that parents with resources will be able help their children attain much higher aspiration.This research uses the concepts of social and cultural capital to student behavior. Social c apital may take the form of information-sharing channels and networks, as well as social norms, values, and expected behaviors. High status cultural signals include the attitudes, preferences, knowledge, behaviors, possessions, and corroboration that function as informal academic standards, and that are generally defined by the dominant class. Individuals who lack the required cultura... ...help to improve the education these students receive. Improving the scholarship environment is the first step to rebuilding our inner city schools. More importantly, programs for thestudents and families will improve their future.The educational systems in America have many faults, nevertheless if more people become aware, things can only improve. It is hard to make any pinpoint decisions to improve the educational system because it is such a epos problem. I believe as a future teacher, I may be able change things, and with time maybe equal education for everyone wont be just a far away dream . BibliographyReferences Kozol, J.(1991). Life on the Mississippi. In Save inequalities Children in Americans schools. New York, NY harper Perennial Kozol, J.(1991) Other peoples children. In Save inequalities Children in Americans schools. New York, NY Harper Perennial Laureau, A(1987) Social class differences in family-school relationships The importance of cutural capital. Sociology of education, 60, 73-85 MacLeod, J. (1995). Aint No Makin It Aspirations and attainment in a low-income neighborhood. Boulder, CO Westview Press Revised Edition

Contents of the dead mans pocket :: essays research papers

In the fabrication, Contents of the Dead Mans Pocket, the main character is tomcat Benecke. As the story progresses, he is faced with many decisions. He is forced to act quickly and because of this, many things about him change. In the story, Tom is ambitious, self-centered, and impatient. These three traits change significantly throughout the story. Tom is a very ambitious person when it comes to his work. He is caught up in getting a promotion from work by doing a project. Tom just focuses on the big picture, which is his future, rather than the small picture, which is what his wife is doing. This trait changes at the end when he decides to go to the movies with his wife. When the paper flew out the window for the sustain time, he realized that he can do the paper over again but he can never take back that iodine specific night he could have spent with his wife. At the beginning, Tom is very self-centered and preoccupied with his work. He finds what he wants to do more primal than what his wife wants to do that night. Once faced with the reality of death, he realizes how important his wife is to him. This forces him to be strong and stay alive, for her sake. The only reason he do it back into his house was because of how much he cared for her. Tom then decides to go find her at the movies, which shows that he has become less self-centered and more awake(predicate) of his wifes feelings.Tom knows that his project can wait, but he has to have it done so his boss can read it over the weekend. The particular that his work couldnt wait until he got back from the movies shows what an impatient person he is. When Tom is out on the ledge retrieving his paper, he is forced to be very patient and to take things one step at a time.

Sara Smolinsky in The Bread Givers :: essays research papers

During the early 1920s the gigantic printing took place. The Great Depression affected more peoples lives. The immigrants caught the worst of it. They had just come from some other country and were trying to start their sensitive lives when the depression hit. They had to struggle once more with poverty and desperation in taking care of their families, the main causality they had left their old countries was to escape the same epidemic that was now overtaking ?the land of the free?. Immigrants, such as the Jewish immigrants, had to live in impoverished ghettos without the necessities they needed to live healthy lives. The 1920s was the time of rapid change, it was the time of risque f ashion, it was the time of which that if you were rich and had in all the latest fashions then you were ?in? unless(prenominal) if you did not then you were an outcast. In the novel The Bread Givers, there was a Jewish family, the Smolinsky family, that had immigrated from Russia to Amer ica. The family consisted of four daughters, a father, and a mother. The family lived in a poverty-stricken ghetto. The youngest of the daughters was Sara Smolinsky, nicknamed ? smoothing iron Head? for her stubbornness. She was the only daughter that was brave ample to leave home and go out on her give and pursue something she wanted without the permission of her father. The Smolinsky family was truly poor, they were to the point of which they could not afford to throw away potato peelings, and to the point of which they had to dig through other people?s thrown out ash in order to gather the coal they needed. They could not afford to buy themselves new clothes or new furniture.The Smolinsky family was living in the time of the Great Depression. They had left Russia in order to escape the poverty and harshness only to reach America and find themselves in a similar situation. The Great Depression engulfed many families, drowning them in poverty and forcing them to become desp erate enough to beg for food. The Smolinsky family was no exception. The depression was difficult enough for the original American citizens much less the immigrants with nothing but the shirts on their backs. The Smolinsky family suffered just as much from this as did other immigrant families.The Youngest of the Smolinsky daughters, Sara Smolinsky, was the most strong willed of her sisters.Sara Smolinsky in The Bread Givers essays research papersDuring the early 1920s the Great Depression took place. The Great Depression affected many peoples lives. The immigrants caught the worst of it. They had just come from another country and were trying to start their new lives when the depression hit. They had to struggle once more with poverty and desperation in taking care of their families, the main reason they had left their old countries was to escape the same epidemic that was now overtaking ?the land of the free?. Immigrants, such as the Jewish immigrants, had to live in pover ty-stricken ghettos without the necessities they needed to live healthy lives. The 1920s was the time of rapid change, it was the time of risque fashion, it was the time of which that if you were rich and had all the latest fashions then you were ?in? but if you did not then you were an outcast. In the novel The Bread Givers, there was a Jewish family, the Smolinsky family, that had immigrated from Russia to America. The family consisted of four daughters, a father, and a mother. The family lived in a poverty-stricken ghetto. The youngest of the daughters was Sara Smolinsky, nicknamed ?Iron Head? for her stubbornness. She was the only daughter that was brave enough to leave home and go out on her own and pursue something she wanted without the permission of her father. The Smolinsky family was very poor, they were to the point of which they could not afford to throw away potato peelings, and to the point of which they had to dig through other people?s thrown out ash in order to gather the coal they needed. They could not afford to buy themselves new clothes or new furniture.The Smolinsky family was living in the time of the Great Depression. They had left Russia in order to escape the poverty and harshness only to reach America and find themselves in a similar situation. The Great Depression engulfed many families, drowning them in poverty and forcing them to become desperate enough to beg for food. The Smolinsky family was no exception. The depression was difficult enough for the original American citizens much less the immigrants with nothing but the shirts on their backs. The Smolinsky family suffered just as much from this as did other immigrant families.The Youngest of the Smolinsky daughters, Sara Smolinsky, was the most strong willed of her sisters.

Sara Smolinsky in The Bread Givers :: essays research papers

During the early mid-twenties the Great Depression took place. The Great Depression affected many a(prenominal) peoples lives. The immigrants caught the worst of it. They had just come from a nonher rude and were trying to start their new lives when the low gear hit. They had to struggle once more with beggary and desperation in taking care of their families, the main reason they had leave their old countries was to escape the same pandemic that was now overtaking ?the land of the free?. Immigrants, such as the Jewish immigrants, had to live in poverty-stricken ghettos without the necessities they ask to live healthy lives. The 1920s was the time of rapid change, it was the time of risque fashion, it was the time of which that if you were rich and had all the latest fashions then you were ?in? but if you did not then you were an outcast. In the novel The scraping Givers, there was a Jewish family, the Smolinsky family, that had immigrated from Russia to America. The family consisted of four daughters, a father, and a mother. The family lived in a poverty-stricken ghetto. The youngest of the daughters was Sara Smolinsky, nicknamed ?Iron liberty chit? for her stubbornness. She was the only daughter that was brave adequate to leave home and go out on her own and pursue something she wanted without the permission of her father. The Smolinsky family was very poor, they were to the signalise of which they could not afford to throw outside potato peelings, and to the point of which they had to dig through other people?s thrown out ash in order to gather the coal they needed. They could not afford to buy themselves new clothes or new furniture.The Smolinsky family was living in the time of the Great Depression. They had left Russia in order to escape the poverty and harshness only to reach America and find themselves in a similar situation. The Great Depression engulfed many families, drowning them in poverty and forcing them to become heroica l enough to beg for food. The Smolinsky family was no exception. The depression was difficult enough for the original American citizens much less the immigrants with zero point but the shirts on their backs. The Smolinsky family suffered just as much from this as did other immigrant families.The Youngest of the Smolinsky daughters, Sara Smolinsky, was the most strong willed of her sisters.Sara Smolinsky in The Bread Givers essays research papersDuring the early 1920s the Great Depression took place. The Great Depression affected many peoples lives. The immigrants caught the worst of it. They had just come from another country and were trying to start their new lives when the depression hit. They had to struggle once more with poverty and desperation in taking care of their families, the main reason they had left their old countries was to escape the same epidemic that was now overtaking ?the land of the free?. Immigrants, such as the Jewish immigrants, had to live in pover ty-stricken ghettos without the necessities they needed to live healthy lives. The 1920s was the time of rapid change, it was the time of risque fashion, it was the time of which that if you were rich and had all the latest fashions then you were ?in? but if you did not then you were an outcast. In the novel The Bread Givers, there was a Jewish family, the Smolinsky family, that had immigrated from Russia to America. The family consisted of four daughters, a father, and a mother. The family lived in a poverty-stricken ghetto. The youngest of the daughters was Sara Smolinsky, nicknamed ?Iron Head? for her stubbornness. She was the only daughter that was brave enough to leave home and go out on her own and pursue something she wanted without the permission of her father. The Smolinsky family was very poor, they were to the point of which they could not afford to throw away potato peelings, and to the point of which they had to dig through other people?s thrown out ash in order to gather the coal they needed. They could not afford to buy themselves new clothes or new furniture.The Smolinsky family was living in the time of the Great Depression. They had left Russia in order to escape the poverty and harshness only to reach America and find themselves in a similar situation. The Great Depression engulfed many families, drowning them in poverty and forcing them to become desperate enough to beg for food. The Smolinsky family was no exception. The depression was difficult enough for the original American citizens much less the immigrants with nothing but the shirts on their backs. The Smolinsky family suffered just as much from this as did other immigrant families.The Youngest of the Smolinsky daughters, Sara Smolinsky, was the most strong willed of her sisters.

Walmart Company

Walmart Financial Analysis Prepared for Becca Leland BIJSN 5600, Accounting Theory and blueprint Fall 1, 2013 Webster University 1 November 2013 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. operates approximately 11,047 sell units under 69 banners in 27 countries. It has trine segments The Wal-Mart Stores, The Sams Club, and International. The Wal-Mart Stores segment includes 4,759 Discount Stores, Supercenters, and Neighborhood Markets in the United States, as well as Walmart. om. It offers apparel for women, girls, men, boys, and infants domestics, fabrics, and notions stationery and books shoes ho characterwares hardware electronics ome furnishings small appliances automotive accessories horticulture and accessories sporting goods toys pet food and accessories cameras and supplies health and beauty aids pharmaceuticals jewelry and optical, as well as photo processing services.The Neighborhood Markets include dry grocery, meat, produce, deli, bakery, dairy, frozen foods, pharmaceuticals, photo proces sing, health and beauty aids, household chemicals, paper goods, ecumenical merchandise, and pet supplies departments. The Sams Club segment includes 624 stores and comprises the warehouse membership clubs in the United States and samsclub. om. It offers hard-goods, soft-goods, software, electronics, Jewelry, sporting goods, toys, tires, stationery and books, institutional-size grocery items, and selected private labels.The International segment operates 6,288 various retail formats in countries to include Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Ger numerous another(prenominal), Mexico, Puerto Rico, mho Korea, and the United Kingdom. This segment operated 261 Canadian Wal-Mart stores and SAMs Clubs, 11 units in Argentina, 150 units in Brazil, 88 units in Germ whatsoever, 16 units in South Korea, 697 units in Mexico, 54 units in Puerto Rico, and 292 units in the United Kingdom, as well as 48 units in China under Joint venture agreements. The prescribe was in corporald in 1969 and is based in Bentonville, Arkansas. Walmart employs 2. 2 million associates/employees around the world to include 1. million in the United States alone. Although there are many opportunities, numerous employment opportunities exist in the Accounting arena. Walmart has pay and Accounting departments impacting railway line and communities in all 27 countries, under 69 different banners and in every corner of the business, from Enterprise Risk Management to Sustainability. For instance, Global Shared Services aggregates and streamlines much of the pecuniary and payroll services for Sams Club and Walmart in nitrogen America, while Global Internal Audit helps ensure each store operates in the most cost-efficient way.These are Just a few of the many groups within Accounting & Finance, each responsible for vital services that impact the entire company. Projects range from de destinationining the financial impact of mergers and acquisitions to estimating the effect on business when a hurricane hits. Every decision is driven by the mission to save people money and help them live better. The responsibility xtends beyond retail and corporate officials make decisions in partnership with each other.Accounting & Finance is composed of these departments Accounting, Corporate Corporate Tax (International & Domestic) Treasury & Investor Relations Finance and Planning Walmart U. S. , Walmart. com International Finance Sams Finance Corporate Strategy Global Shared Services Balance Sheet Assets Cash and Cash Equivalents Pertain to liquid assets found on the chemical equilibrium sheet. In essence, cash equivalents can be converted into cash and include commercial paper, treasury bill, money market holdings and short term government bonds. Walmart report nearly $7. one million million million in cash and cash equivalents for fiscal course of study ending January 31, 2013. Of the $7. 8 jillion, surprisingly, $5. 2 gazillion were held outside of the United States in congest of foreign operations. All non-cash transactions due from various banks amounted to $1. 3 billion. Additionally, Walmart had $715 million in restricted cash in addition to another $876 million of cash that remains abroad and may not be easily transferred to the United States because of local laws. Short Term Investments Walmart did not report any Short term investments and have not or the previous three twelvemonths.Receivables Money that others owe the company. Account receivables are the amounts that a company has a right to collect because it sell goods or services on credit to a customer. Walmart had a variety of receivables for year ending January 31 , 2013 that included insurance companies resulting from pharmacy sales, bank transfers that took in excess of seven days to process, suppliers for marketing or incentive programs and real estate transactions. Its net receivables amounted to nearly $6. 8 billion that included $1. 2 billion from consumer credit roducts alone.Just to name a fe w, Walmart has the Walmart in-store credit card, Walmart Discover, Sams Club in-store credit card and the Sams Club Discover card. Internal Controls designed to help an organization accomplish specific goals and mostly importantly, in laymens terms, keep everyone honest . Walmart used t criteria set forth by COSO Internal Control Integrated Framework. This framework primarily evaluates the achievements of objectives in the effectiveness and efficiency of operations, reliability of financial reporting and compliance with laws and regulations.For the year ending January 31, 2013, Walmarts financial reporting was audited by Ernst and Young LLP, an independent registered public invoice firm. Sarbanes-Oxley Act In July 2002, a corporate reform bill was passed into United States Federal law by the U. S. Senate and the U. S. House of Representatives. This legislation introduced new and amended honourable standards regarding financial practice and corporate governance for all publicly traded U. S. companies, as well as for management and accounting organizations. U. S. Senator Paul Sarbanes and U.S. Representative Michael G. Oxley spearheaded the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act. Just three years, after the bill was passed, in September 2005, a former CEO from Wal- Mart de Mexico sent an email to a high ranking Walmart lawyer that write how Wal-Mart de Mexico had bribed foreign officials to expedite permits in an effort to win market control in Mexico. This opened up a formal internal investigation by Walmart that found documentation implicating that the Wal-Mart de Mexico executives knew about the bribes and took measures to conceal them as well.The case was later dismissed. In August 2012, SOX violations resurfaced with Walmart. This time, two U. S. congressmen claimed that they received internal documentation that outlined possible illegal activities that involved tax evasion and money laundering in Mexico. Their concerns were expressed in a letter to Michael Duke, the chief executive at Wal-Mart. armoury Valuation Walmart values inventories at the lower of cost or market as determined primarily by the retail method of accounting, using the last-in, first-out, last in first out, method for all of the Walmart U.S. segments. Walmart international is valued by the retail method of accounting as well but by using the first-in, first-out, FIFO, method. In contrast, Sams Club uses the weighted- average cost using the LIFO method. Total Current Assets for year ending January 31, 2013 were $59. 9 billion. Long Term Investments Walmart did not report any long term investments and have not for the previous three years. Property, Plant and Equipment A large portion of Walmarts assets come from the proportion, plant and equipment section of the balance sheet.In fact, of the $203 billion in total assets, property, plant and equipment makes up Just over $116 billion which includes $25 billion in land, $90 billion in buildings and improvements, $40 bil lion in fixtures and quipment, $2 billion in transportation equipment, $5. 9 billion in construction in process and $5. 9 billion in property under capital leases for an approximate property and equipment gross of $171 billion. Walmart uses straight-line depreciation and major improvements were capitalized as leasehold improvements were depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life.Accumulated depreciation and amortization was $55 billion dollars which resulted in a property and equipment net of $116. 6 billion. Intangible Assets / Accumulated Amortization Walmart did not report any and have not for the previous three years. good will An account that can be found in the assets portion of a companys balance sheet. Goodwill can often arise when one company is purchased by another company. Walmarts goodwill is as a result of the acquisition of 147 Netto stores from Dansk Supermarket in the United Kingdom and to the acquisition ot a 5 % ownership in Massmart, a retailer ba sed in South Africa.Goodwill for this period was $20 billion. Balance Sheet Liabilities and Equity Accounts Payable money owed by a business to its suppliers shown as a liability on a companys balance sheet. At year ending January 31, 2013, Walmart owed Just over 59 billion to its suppliers that are to be remunerative compared to $56 billion the previous year. Short current long term debt this includes the long term debt that must be paid within 12 months. Walmart preserve Just over $12 billion. Total Current Liabilities Year ending January 31, 2013 = $71. billion Long Term Debt Financial obligations that last more than one year. Walmart enter around $41 billion. This accounts for loans that Walmart has with several financial institutions. Deferred Long Term Liability Charges a collection of future obligations on the balance sheet. These sometimes include employee colligate expenses such as retirement plans, 401 k plans and workmans compensation plans is which Walmart curr ently has Just over $7. 6 billion. Minority Interest This represents the amount of hackneyed that is not owned by Walmart.Currently, Just over $5 billion is not owned by Walmart. Common argumentation Walmart primarily issues common stock that represents ownership in the corporation. Currently, there is neither preferred or treasury stock, however for year ending January 31, 2013, there $332 million of stock was outstanding. Current Market Value of Stock The current market value of Walmarts stock is currently $74. 79. Through the last 12 months, the trend has been from $67. 37 $79. 96 which is primarily because of fluctuating sales/wages.Walmarts stock value has continued to grow over the last 12 months that can be easily contributed to its ability to remain a constant force in the market by providing lower prices, creating Jobs with competitive wages and clearly out-distancing itself from its closest competitor. Dividends As noted below, Walmart last paid a dividend on Septe mber 3, 2013 with the following pay out date of January 2, 2014. Record Date Payable Date March 12, 2013 May 10, 2013 August 9, 2013 December 6, 2013 April 1, 2013 June 3, 2013 September 3, 2013 January 2, 2014 The last dividend paid for year ending January 31, 2013 was paid on December 27, 2012 at $0. 975 per share for a total of $1 1. 3 billion. Income Statement Comparison Walmarts income improved from fiscal year 2012 to fiscal year 2013. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. was been able to grow revenues from $447. 08 USD to $469. 28 USD. Most impressively, the company has been able to reduce the percentage of sales devoted to selling, general and administrative cost from 19. 8% to 18. 94%. This was a driver that led to a bottom line growth from $1 5. 7B USD to $17. 0B USD.Extraordinary gains/losses Perhaps the most important cistron that caused Walmart to increase its usefulnesss from 2012 to 2013 was its Non-recurring events. In 2012 alone, Walmart discontinued operations which caused th em a loss in excess of $67 million. To its surprise, there was not a lost in year ending January 31, 2013. According to the Management Discussion and Analysis, the present situation it is very much essential that industries need to compare themselves witn the past ears. Analysis of functioning ensures the industry get an idea as where they are lagging behind and the short falls which has to be rectified.Walmart has to make progress in improving their performances in the future in order to withstand in the market so that they can compete with the upcoming competitions in the future. Additionally, it has to mainly concentrate to increase the profit rather than increasing the volume of business, so they have to increase their sales and satisfy their customer to withstand in the market. In an attempt to analyze the financial position f the Walmart, it has been revealed that though the turnover of the company increased however the profitability of the company has not increased correspon dingly.Overall financial position of the company is adequate but however in the long run the company has to disengage measures to increase its working results in order to keep stay well preceding(prenominal) its competitors. Financial Statement Analysis Solvency Debt to Equity Ratio The company has improved its strength by increasing the working funds. The company should explore the possibility of decrease the operating expenses to increase its profit. Walmart should also take urgent steps to reduce the debtors so as to increase its working capital position.The company should also take steps to reduce the current liabilities and the overall liabilities position. Profitability It should take steps to increase its working capital base. The company should take steps to make use of the surplus funds in a profitable manner. Efforts must be put in increasing net profit. It is necessary to take steps in improving the growth rating. Competition Perhaps Walmarts greatest competitor is t arget. However, Walmart ontinues to prove itself as the worlds leading retailer. In comparison to Target, its market cap was at $243. 8 billion while target was at $40. 04 billion. Additionally, Walmart dominated Target in revenue as well. Walmarts revenue was $473billion while Target earned Just $73. 48 billion which generated a net income of $17. 09 billion for Walmart and $2. 71 billion for Target. In conclusion, Walmart continues to be the leading retailer in the industry. It clearly out-distances its closest competitor, however, in order to remain that force, it need to reduce its liabilities. It currently wes suppliers $59 billion. This needs to be reduced significantly.https//finance.yahoo.com/https//www.stock-analysis-on.net/NYSE/Company/Wal-Mart-Stores-Inchttps//www.stock-analysis-on.net/NYSE/Company/Wal-Mart-Stores-Inc/Ratios/Profitabilityhttps//www.stock-analysis-on.net/NYSE/Company/Wal-Mart-Stores-Inc/Ratios/Liquidityhttps//s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/201 3/ one-year/2013-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221024708579502.pdfhttp//c46b2bcc0db5865f5a76-91c2ff8eba65983a1c33d367b8503d02.r78.cf2.rackcdn.com/93/a7/ff21a9764702bb5bc8271faacfeb/2012-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221023846998881.pdf

Life Philosophy Essay

The meaning of vitality is to give life meaning Do not let what you commodenot do interfere with what you can do. demeanor doctrine of John Wooden Even a fool knows you cant reach the stars, but that doesnt stop a wise man from trying. You cant make someone Elses choices. You shouldnt let someone else make yours. manners Philosophy of Gen. Colin Powell Man is not the creature of circumstances, circumstances be the creatures of men. We are free agents, and man is more powerful than matter. sustenance Philosophy of Benjamin Disraeli When an affliction happens to you, you either let it defeat you, or you defeat it Life Philosophy of Rosalind Russell A life lived in fear is a life half lived. To live a creative life, we must lose our fear of cosmos wrong. It is cleanse to be hated for what you are then to be loved for what your not There are always two choices. Two paths to take. One is easy. And its and reward is that its easy. Positive thinking will let you do everything bette r than negative thinking will. Life Philosophy of Zig Ziglar You will never achieve what you never beginThe measure of a man is the way he bears up under misfortune. Dont wait for your ship to observe in, swim out to it. Man cannot discover new oceans unless he has the courage to lose sight of the shore. Philosophy of Life by Andre Gide If one seeks advice, give them direction, not correction. Sooner or later, those who win are those who think they can. Philosophy of Life by Richard Bach Do the things you know, and you shall learn the truth you compulsion to know.Philosophy of Life by George Macdonald Let us not be content to wait and see what will happen, but give us the determination to make the correct things happen. Philosophy of Life by Peter Marshall It is better to fail in originality than to succeed in imitation. Dont take life as well as seriously. no one gets out alive, anyways. Before you talk about what you want appreciate what you have. A man either lives life as i t happens to him, meets it head-on and licks it, or he turns his back on it and starts to wither away. Life Philosophy from Gene Roddenberry You see, in life, lots of people know what to do, but few people genuinely do what they know.Knowing is not enough You must take action. Life Philosophy from Anthony Robbins If you believe you can, you probably can. If you believe you wont, you more or less assuredly wont. Belief is the ignition switch that gets you off the launching pad. Life Philosophy from Denis Waitley You can do what you think you can do and you cannot do what you think you cannot Life Philosophy from Ben Stein Find something you love to do and youll never have to wager a day in your life. Life Philosophy from Harvey Mackay You can do what you want to do. You can be what you want to be.Life Philosophy from R. David Thomas Philosophies in Life PHILOSOPHY may be defined as the resume and pursuit of facts which deal with the ultimate reality or causes of things as they af fect life. The philosophy of a country standardized the Philippines is made up of the intricate and mixed interrelationship of the life histories of its people in other word, the philosophy of our nation would be strange and undefinable if we do not delve into the past trussed up with the notable life experiences of the representative personalities of our nation.Being one of the prominent representatives of Filipino personalities, Jose Rizal is a fit subject whose life philosophy deserves to be know. Having been a victim of Spanish brutality early in his life in Calamba, Rizal had thus already formed the nucleus of an unfavorable opinion of Castillian imperialistic disposal of his country and people. Pitiful social conditions existed in the Philippines as late as three centuries after his conquest in Spain, with agriculture, commerce, communications and education languishing under its most backward state.It was because of this social malady that social evils like inferiority co mplex, cowardice, timidity and false pride pervaded nationally and contributed to the decay of social life. This stimulated and shaped Rizals life phylosophy to be to contain if not eliminate these social ills. Educational Philosophy Rizals concept of the importance of education is clearly enunciated in his work entitled Instruction wherein he sought improvements in the schools and in the methods of teaching.He maintained that the backwardness of his country during the Spanish ear was not due to the Filipinos indifference, stoicism or indolence as claimed by the rulers, but to the neglect of the Spanish authorities in the islands. For Rizal, the mission of education is to elevate the country to the highest seat of repute and to develop the peoples mindset. Since education is the foundation of society and a prerequisite for social progress, Rizal claimed that only through education could the country be rescue from domination.Rizals philosophy of education, therefore, centers on th e provision of proper motivation in order to bolster the great social jampacks that make education a success, to give rise in the youth an innate desire to cultivate his intelligence and give him life eternal. Religious Philosophy Rizal grew up nurtured by a closely-knit Catholic family, was improve in the foremost Catholic schools of the period in the elementary, secondary and college levels logically, therefore, he should have been a propagator of strictly Catholic traditions.However, in later life, he developed a life philosophy of a different nature, a philosophy of a different Catholic practice intermingled with the use of Truth and Reason. why the change? It could have been the result of contemporary contact, companionship, observation, research and the possession of an independent spirit. Being a critical observer, a profound thinker and a intent reformer, Rizal did not agree with the prevailing Christian propagation of the Faith by fire and sword. This is shown in his An notation of Morgas Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.Rizal did not believe in the Catholic dogma that salvation was only for Catholics and that outside Christianity, salvation was not possible even if Catholics composed only a small minority of the worlds religious groups. Nor did he believe in the Catholic observation of fasting as a sacrifice, nor in the sale of such religious items as the cross, medals, rosaries and the like in order to propagate the Faith and raise church funds. He also lambasted the superstitious beliefs propagated by the priests in the church and in the schools. All of these and a lot more are evidences of Rizals religious philosophy.Political Philosophy In Rizals political view, a conquered country like the Philippines should not be taken advantage of but rather should be developed, civilized, educated and trained in the science of self-government. He bitterly assailed and criticized in publications the apparent backwardness of the Spanish rulers method of gover ning the country which resulted in 1. the bondage and slavery of the conquered 2. the Spanish governments requirement of forced labor and force military service upon the n natives3. the abuse of power by means of exploitation 4. the government ruling that any complaint against the authorities was criminal and 5. devising the people ignorant, destitute and fanatic, thus discouraging the formation of a national sentiment. Rizals guiding political philosophy proved to be the study and finish of reforms, the extension of human rights, the training for self government and the arousing of spirit of discontent over oppression, brutality, inhumanity, sensitiveness and self love. Ethical Philosophy The study of human look as to whether it is good or bad or whether it is right or wrong is that science upon which Rizals ethical philosophy was based.The fact that the Philippines was under Spanish domination during Rizals time led him to subordinate his philosophy to moral problems. This tre nd was much more needed at that time because the Spaniards and the Filipinos had different and sometimes conflicting morals. The moral status of the Philippines during this period was one with a lack of freedom, one with predominance of foreign masters, one with an imposition of foreign religious worship, devotion, court of law and racial habits. This led to moral confusion among the people, what with justice being stifled, limited or curtailed and the people not enjoying any individual rights.To bolster his ethical philosophy, Dr. Rizal had recognized not only the forces of good and evil, but also the tendencies towards good and evil. As a result, he made use of the practical method of appealing to the better nature of the conquerors and of offering useful methods of solving the moral problems of the conquered. To support his ethical philosophy in life, Rizal1. censured the friars for abusing the advantage of their position as spiritual leaders and the ignorance and devotion of t he natives 2.counseled the Filipinos not to resent a defect attributed to them but to accept same as reasonable and just 3. advised the masses that the object of marriage was the rejoicing and love of the couple and not financial gain 4. censured the priests who preached greed and wrong morality and 5. advised every one that love and respect for parents must be strictly observed. Social Philosophy That body of knowledge relating to society including the wisdom which mans experience in society has taught him is social philosophy.The facts dealt with are principles entangled in nation building and not individual social problems. The subject matter of this social philosophy covers the problems of the whole race, with every problem having a plain solution to bolster the peoples social knowledge. Rizals social philosophy dealt with 1. man in society 2. influential factors in human life 3. racial problems 4. social constant 5. social justice 6. social ideal 7. poverty and wealth 8. ref orms 9. youth and greatness 10. history and progress 11. future Philippines.The above dealt with mans evolution and his environment, explaining for the most part human behavior and capacities like his will to live his desire to possess happiness the change of his mentality the role of virtuous women in the guidance of great men the need for elevating and inspiring mission the duties and dictates of mans conscience mans need of practicing gratitude the necessity for consulting reliable people his need for experience his ability to deny the importance of deliberation the voluntary offer of mans abilities and possibilities the ability to think, purport and strive to rise and the proper use of hearth, brain and spirit-all of these combining to enhance the intricacies, beauty and values of human nature.All of the above served as Rizals film in his continuous effort to make over his beloved Philippines.

Last Sacrifice Chapter Ten

WHEN YOUR BOYFRIEND IS A dream-walker, you pick up a few lessons. One of the nigh in-chief(postnominal) is that doing physical things in dreams feels exactly same(p) doing them in the real world. Say, like kissing some one and only(a). Adrian and I had shared a number of dream- kisses intense sufficient to touch off my body wanting to try a whole lot more. Although Id never actually attacked someone in a dream, I was willing to bet a punch here would feel just as painful as a real one.With come out hesitation, I lunged toward victor, uncertain as to whether I should sock him or choke him. Both seemed like good ideas. Turned out, I did neither. Before I could reach him, I slammed into an invisible wallhard. It both blocked me from him and bounced me sustain at the impact. I stumbled, tried to regain my footing, exactly instead landed painfully on the ground. Yupdreams felt just like real life.I glared at Robert, feeling a mix of both anger and uneasiness. I tried to hide that last emotion. Youre a spirit user with telekinesis?Wed gift intercoursen that was possible, but it was a skill neither Lissa nor Adrian had mastered yet. I really didnt like the idea that Robert might have the power to throw objects close to and create invisible barriers. It was a disadvantage we didnt need. Robert remained enigmatic. I control the dream. sea captain was looking down at me with that smug, calculating facet he excelled at. Realizing what an undignified position I was in, I leapt to my feet. I kept a hard stance, my body tense and ready as I wondered if Robert would keep the wall up continuously.Are you done with your fit? asked Victor. Behaving like a civilized person will make our talk so a lot more pleasant.I have no provoke in talking to you, I snapped. The only thing Im difference to do is hunt you down in the real world and drag you cover version to the authorities.Charming, express Victor. We loafer share a cell.I winced.Yes, he continued. I know all about what happened. Poor Tatiana. Such a tragedy. Such a loss.His mocking, melodramatic regulate sparked an alarming idea. You you didnt have anything to do with it, did you? Victors escape from prison had triggered a lot of fear and paranoia amongst the Moroi. Theyd been convinced he was coming for them all. Knowing the truth about the escape, Id disregard such talk and figured hed simply lie low. Now, store how hed once wanted to start a revolution among the Moroi, I wondered if the queens murderer actually was the to the highest degree evil villain we knew.Victor snorted. Hardly. He put his hands behind his back as he paced the room and pretended to study the art. I again wondered how far Roberts shield extended. I have much more sophisticated methods to accomplish my goals. I wouldnt stoop to something like thatand neither would you.I was about to pose out that messing with Lissas mind was simply sophisticated, but his last words caught my attention. You dont think I did it?He glanced back from where hed been studying a creation with a flower hat and cane. Of course not. Youd never do anything that required that much foresight. And, if what Ive heard about the crime scene is true, youd never leave that much evidence behind. at that place was both an insult and a compliment there. Well, thanks for the vote of confidence. Ive been worrying about what youd think. This earned me a smile, and I crossed my arms over my chest. How do you guys tear down know whats happening at Court? Do you have spies?This sort of thing spreads throughout the Moroi world quickly, said Victor. Im not that out of touch. I knew about her murder almost as soon as it happened. And about your most impressive escape.My attention mostly stayed on Victor, but I did cut down a quick glance at Robert. He remained silent, and from the blank, distracted look in his eyes, I wondered if he was even aware of what was being said around him. Seeing him always sent a charge down my s pine. He was a prominent example of spirit at its worst.Why do you contend? I demanded. And why the hell are you b early(a)ing me in my dreams?Victor continued his pacing, pausing to suck up his fingertips along the harps smooth, wooden surface. Because I have a great interest in Moroi politics. And Id like to know whos amenable for the murder and what their game is.I smirked. Sounds like youre just jealous someone else is pulling the strings besides you for a change. No pun intended.His hand dropped from the harp, back to his side, and he fixed his sharp eyes on me, eyes the same pale green as Lissas. Your humourous commentary isnt going to get you anywhere. You can either let us jock you or not.You are the last person I want help from. I dont need it.Yes. Things seem to be going quite well for you, now that youre a hunted fugitive and on the run with a man that many still believe is Strigoi. Victor gave a calculated pause. Of course, Im sure you dont mind that last part so mu ch. You know, if I found you two, I could believably shoot you and be welcomed back as a hero.Dont bet on it. Rage burned through me, both at his insinuation and because hed caused so much trouble for Dimitri and me in the past. With great force of will, I replied in a low, deadly voice I am going to find you. And you probably wont expect to see the authorities.We already established murder isnt in your skill set. Victor sat down in one of the cushioned chairs, making himself comfortable. Robert continued standing, that out-of-it expression still on his face. Now, the first thing we need to do is determine why someone would want to kill our late queen. Her abrasive personality is hardly motivation, though Im sure it didnt hurt. People do things like this for power and advantage, to push their schedules through. From what I hear, Tatianas most controversial action recently was that age fair playyes, thats the one. The one making you scowl at me like that. It stands to reason that her murderer opposed that.I didnt want to comply with Victor at all. I didnt want a reasonable discussion with him. What I wanted was some indication of where he was in real life, and then, I wanted to take a chance on slamming into that invisible wall again. Itd be worth the risk if I could do some damage. So, I was a bit surprised when I found myself saying, Or, whoever did it wanted to push something worse throughsomething harsher on dhampirs. They thought her decree was too soft.I admit, catching Victor Dashkov off guard was one of the greatest joys of my life. I had that satisfaction now, seeing his eyebrows rise in astonishment. It wasnt easy proposing something a master schemer like him hadnt already considered. Interesting, he said at last. I may have underestimated you, Rose. Thats a brilliant deduction on your part.Well, um it wasnt exactly my deduction.Victor waited expectantly. Even Robert snapped out of his daze and focused on me. It was creepy.It was Tatianas. I mea n, not her deduction. She said it directlywell, that is, the note she left for me did. Why was I rambling in front of these guys? At least I surprised Victor again.Tatiana Ivashkov left you a note with clandestine information? Whatever for?I bit my lip and turned my attention over to one of the paintings. It showed an elegant Moroi woman with those same play out green eyes most Dashkovs and Dragomirs shared. I suddenly wondered if perhaps Robert had formed this dream in some Dashkov mansion from their childhood. Movement in my periphery do me instantly turn back to the cronys.Victor rose and took a few steps toward me, curiosity and cunning all over him. Theres more. What else did she tell you? She knew she was in danger. She knew this law was part of it but it wasnt the only thing, was it?I remained silent, but a crazy idea began forming in my mind. I was actually considering seeing if Victor could help me. Of course, in retrospect, that wasnt such a crazy notion, considering I d already busted him out of prison to get his help.Tatiana said Should I say it? Should I dampen up the concealed even Lissa didnt know? If Victor knew there was another Dragomir, he might use that knowledge for one of his schemes. How? I wasnt sure but had long wise to(p) to expect the unexpected from him. Yet Victor knew a lot of Moroi secrets. I would have enjoyed watching him and Abe match wits. And I didnt doubt that a lot of Victors within knowledge involved the Dragomirs and Dashkovs. I swallowed. Tatiana said that there was another Dragomir. That Lissas pappa had an affair and that if I could find whoever this is, itll give Lissa her power back on the Council.When Victor and Robert transfer shocked looks, I knew my plan had backfired. Victor wasnt going to give me insight. Instead, Id been the one to just yield valuable information. Damn, damn, damn. He turned his attention back to me, his expression speculative. So. Eric Dragomir wasnt the saint he so often played.I balled my fists. Dont slam her dad.Wouldnt dream of it. I liked Eric immensely. But yes if this is true, then Tatiana is right. Vasilisa technically has family backing, and her liberal views would certainly cause friction on a Council that never seems to change their ways. He chuckled. Yes, I can definitely see that upsetting many peopleincluding a murderer who wants to oppress dhampirs. I imagine he or she wouldnt want this knowledge to get out.Someone already tried to get rid of records linking Lissas dad to a mistress. I again spoke without thinking and hated myself for it. I didnt want to give the brothers any more info. I didnt want to play like we were all working together here.And let me guess, said Victor. Thats what youre trying to do, isnt it? Find this Dragomir bastard.Hey, dontIts just an expression, he interrupted. If I know you twoand I feel self-assured I do Vasilisa is desperately trying to clear your name back at Court while you and Belikov are off on a sexually charged adventure to find her brother or sister.You dont know anything about us, I growled. Sexually charged indeed.He shrugged. Your face says it all. And really, its not a fallacious idea. Not a great one either, but not bad. Give the Dragomir family a quorum, and youll have a voice speaking on your behalf on the Council. I dont suppose you have any leads? Were working on it, I replied evasively.Victor looked at Robert. I knew the two didnt have any psychic communication, but as they exchanged glances, I had a feeling they were both thinking the same thing and confirming with each other. At last, Victor nodded and turned back to me. precise well then. Well help you. He made it sound like he was reluctantly agreeing to do me a big favor.We dont need your helpOf course you do. Youre out of your league, Rose. Youre wandering into a nest of ugly, complex politicssomething you have no experience with. Theres no shame in acknowledging that, just as Im not dishonored to admit that in a n irrational, ill-planned fist fight, you would certainly prove superior.Another backhanded compliment. Were doing just fine. We have an Alchemist helping us. There. That would show him who was out of whose league. And, to my credit, he did look some impressed. Slightly.Better than I expected. Has your Alchemist come up with a location or any lead yet?Shes working on it, I repeated.He sighed in frustration. Were going to need time then, arent we? Both for Vasilisa to investigate Court and you to start tracking this child.Youre the one who acts like you know everything, I pointed out. I figured youd know something about this.To my chagrin, no. Victor didnt really sound all that put out. But as soon as we get a thread, I assure you, Ill be essential in unraveling it. He walked over to his brother and patted Roberts arm comfortingly. Robert stared back adoringly. Well visit you again. Let us know when you have something useful, and then well meet up with you. My eyes widened. Youll do no such I hesitated. Id let Victor escape in Las Vegas. Now he was offering to come to me. Maybe I could repair that mistake and make good on my earlier threat to him. Quickly, I tried to cover my lapse of speech. How do I know I can trust you?You cant, he said bluntly. Youve got to take it on faith that the enemy of your enemy is your friend.Ive always hated that saying. Youll always be my enemy.I was a bit surprised when Robert suddenly came to life. He glared and stepped forward. My brother is a good man, shadow-girl If you hurt him if you hurt him, youll pay. And next time you wont come back. The world of the dead wont give you up a second time.I knew better than to take the threats of a crazy man seriously, but his last words sent a chill through me. Your brother is a psychoEnough, enough. Victor again gave Robert a reassuring pat on the arm. Still scowling at me, the younger Dashkov brother backed off, but I was willing to bet that invisible wall was back in place. This does us no good. Were wasting timewhich is something we dont have enough of. We need more. The monarch elections will start any day now, and Tatianas murderer could have a hand in those if there really was some agenda going on. We need to slow down the electionsnot just to thwart the assassin, but also to give all of us time to accomplish our tasks.I was getting tired of all this. Yeah? And how do you propose we do that?Victor smiled. By running Vasilisa as a candidate for queen.Seeing as this was Victor Dashkov we were dealing with, I really shouldnt have been surprised by anything he said. It was a testament to his level of craziness that he continually caught me unprepared.That, I declared, is impossible.Not really, he replied.I threw my hands up in exasperation. Havent you been paying attention to what weve been talking about? The whole point is to get Lissa full family rights with the Moroi. She cant even vote How could she run for queen?Actually, the law says she can. According to the way the nomination policy is written, one person from each royal line may run for the monarch position. Thats all it says. One person from each line may run. There is no mention of how many people need to be in her family, as there is for her to vote on the Council. She simply needs three nominationsand the law doesnt specify which family they come from.Victor spoke in such a precise, crisp way that he might as well have been reciting from a legal book. I wondered if he had all the laws memorized. I supposed if you were going to make a career of breaking laws, you might as well know them.Whoever wrote that law probably assumed the candidates would have family members. They just didnt bother spell it out. Thats what people will say if Lissa runs. Theyll fight it.They can fight it all they want. Those who are denying her a Council spot base it on one line in the law books that mentions another family member. If thats their argument, that every detail must count, then theyll have t o do the same for the election laws which, as I have said, do not mention family backing. Thats the beauty of this loophole. Her opponents cant have it both ways. A smile twisted at Victors lips, supremely confident. I assure you, there is absolutely nothing in the wording that prevents her from doing this.How about her age? I pointed out. The princes and princesses who run are always old. The title of prince or princess went to a familys oldest member, and traditionally, that was the person who ran for king or queen. The family could decide to bring up someone else more fitting, but even thento my knowledgeit was always someone older and experienced.The only age restriction is full adulthood, said Victor. Shes eighteen. She qualifies. The other families have much larger pools to draw from, so naturally, theyd select someone who seemed more experienced. In the Dragomir case? Well, thats not an option, now is it? Besides, young monarchs arent without precedence. There was a very fam ous queenAlexandrawho wasnt much older than Vasilisa. Very well loved, very extraordinary. Her statue is by the Courts church.I shifted uncomfortably. Actually its, um, not there anymore. It kind of blew up.Victor just stared. Hed apparently heard about my escape but not all of the details.Its not important, I said hastily, feeling guilty that Id been indirectly responsible for blowing up a renowned queen. This whole idea about using Lissa is ridiculous.You wont be the only one who thinks so, Victor said. Theyll argue. Theyll fight. In the end, the law will prevail. Theyll have to let her run. Shell go through the tests and probably pass. Then, when voting comes, the laws that govern those procedures reference a family member assisting with the vote.My head was spinning by now. I felt mentally exhausted listening to all these legal loopholes and technicalities.Just come right out and put it in simple language, I ordered.When voting comes, she wont be eligible. She has no family to fulfill the role required at the actual election. In other words, the law says she can run and take the tests. Yet, people cant actually vote for her because she has no family.Thats idiotic.Agreed. He paused. I dont think either of us ever expected to concur on something.Lissa would hate this. She would never, ever want to be queen.Are you not following this? exclaimed Victor. She wont be queen. She cant. Its a badly written law for a situation no one foresaw. Its a mess. And it will bog down the elections so badly that well have extra time to find Vasilisas sibling and find out who really killed Tatiana.Hey I told you Theres no we here. Im not going toVictor and Robert exchanged looks.Get Vasilisa nominated, said Victor abruptly. Well be in touch soon on where to meet you for the Dragomir search. ITThats notI woke up.My immediate reaction was to swear, but then, remembering where I was, I kept my expletives inside my own head. I could make out Dimitris silhouette in the corner, al ert and watchful, and didnt want him to know I was awake. gag law my eyes, I shifted into a more comfortable position, hoping for true sleep that would block out the Dashkov brothers and their ridiculous schemes. Lissa running for queen? It was crazy. And yet it really wasnt much crazier than most of the things I did.Putting that aside, I let my body relax and felt the tug of true sleep start to take me down. Emphasis on start. Because suddenly, I felt another spirit dream materializing around me.Apparently, this was going to be a busy night.

Growing Up Jewish

My name is Asher Lev is a novel written by Chaim Potok, an American rabbi who narrates Ashers early life, the challenges he faces when attempting to pursue his passion and career-drawing and painting. His father disapproves of his art of drawing. Because of his dousing on the art, he becomes averse to education, which makes his community members to feel ashamed of him.Potok remained an active artist/writer until his death in 2002.The Hasidism religion does not consider the heartbeat commandment against graphic arts because art belongs to the other side. As Asher grows older, he learns to tame his emotions in relation to his paintings and concentrate more on his art that he becomes successful.The book ends when Asher is twenty-two years old. The plot against America is a political novel written by Philip Roth. The book explains how America has become fascist post-1935 term and Hitlers allies are in laterality of the white house. There is total chaos in America because of national politics and hatred. Gangs go around harassing race.The lower-middle-class Jews of Weequahic, in Newark, try to learn how to use a gun to defend themselves in an apartment. America and the rest of Europe are taken over by fascist movements and imitators of Adolf Hitler and Mussolini.Both Asher and Phillip face challenges that are mainly unrelated to their lives.Their geographical location and the surrounding community determines the challenges each one of them faces. Asher and Philip face challenges that are to a trusted extent unrelated. For instance, Asher is born in a conservative religious community-all the members surrounding him expects him to adhere to the Jewish religion and customs.His father is opposed to his art terming it anti-religious while Philip grows up in a quite liberal community that does not put much emphasis on religion and stopping point. His major challenges stem from outside his community. In My make is Asher Levi, During Ashers childhood, his artistic inclination brings him into conflict with the members of his Jewish community, considers art unrelated to religious expression to be at best a waste of measure and possibly a sacrilege.It brings him into particularly strong conflict with his father, a man who has devoted his life to serving their leader, the Rebbe, by traveling around the world delivery the teachings and practice of their sect to other Jews, and who is by nature incapable of understanding or appreciating art (Knopf, 2003).While in The Plot against America, Hitlers allies persist the unobjectionable House. Anti-Semitic mobs roam the streets. The lower-middle-class Jews of Weequahic, in Newark, N.J., cower in a second-floor apartment, trying to figure out how to use a gun to defend themselves. (You pulla the trig, a kindly neighbor explains) (Berman Web).In My Name Is Asher, Asher has to deal with a religion that is imposed on him. His graphic art is not in line with his communitys expectations. He faces the chall enge of proving to his community that his art is not detrimental to his religion. As he grows older the conflict in the midst of him and his community increases.As he matures, he learns control his emotions. Though he sometimes identified himself as religious, he took on a more secular path. He had to make a choice between his art and the Jewish religion. He chose the art over his Jewish religion. As Asher grew older, he resolved to portray his challenges through paintings. He portrays his mothers suffering through Christian art. Asher shows in his book that a balance can be struck between religion and art.Religion help emphasize art. Religious figures can be depicted through art. For Philip political challenges affect him unlike Levs that are religious Philip has to deal with the issue of fascists taking control of his country. It advances people to worship.Philip Roth finds his father powerless in dealing with the dominion of his country by fascists. His community members are di sgruntled about his career, but he has no way of helping them.Philip has to deal with antisemitism that was propagated by the fascists, America has gone fascist and ordinary life has been flattened under a steamroller of national politics and mass hatreds. Hitlers allies rule the White House. Anti-Semitic mobs roam the streets (Davenport Web).Religious affiliation does not hinder one from achieving their goal.They must focus on achieving and perfecting what they aspire. Levi does not allow his Jewish religion and culture to hinder him from pursuing his career of art. Lev learns to do things that he loves most. He pursues a career in painting at the expense of education and religion. As he grows older, he succeeds in art. Success comes after much struggle and endurance. Lev became successful after practicing for a long time. He also was patient and enduring of his communitys adversary towards his career in painting.Lev also learnt that it is a mistake to separate religion from freet hinking, humanism, and development. Development has always been practiced alongside religion. In other words, religion does encourage development of the community. In The Plot against America, Philip learns that the need for glory makes fascists to invade other countries.They use the army, police, and gangs to achieve their goals.Fascist leaders control all aspects of the people under their control. They control economic life, religious life, social life, and economic life of the citizens. Fascists use intimidation, threats, arrests, and killings to control and subdue the people they lead.They do not allow any dissenting views from the people under their control.In Asher Levs book My Name Is Asher Lev, he speaks on discrimination based on religion, culture, and secularism. His community discriminates him because of his passion on graphical art. The community tells him that art is against the Jewish religion and culture.However, on holding on onto his talent and career of painting, h e succeeds. He did not allow the disagreement of his community deter him from doing what he treasured most-art.Philip Roth, on the other hand, faces the challenge of a fascist leader imposing his political beliefs on to his country- America. He too is discriminated against based on his skin cloak and religion.His Jewish community in America begins to train themselves how to use a gun so they can defend themselves. The fascist leader unleashes the gang to terrorize them the Jews in America. Hitlers men introduce fascism in the white house and the whole country-America.Works CitedBerman, Paul. The Plot Against America. The New York Times, 3 Oct. 2004.Davenport, Guy.Collision with the outside world. The New York Times, 16 April 1972. Potok, Chaim. My Name Is Asher Lev. Knopf 2003.

Job Satisfaction Essay

INTRODUCTIONJob felicity is one of the most essential argonas of research for many researchers, and as such it is one of the most much studies earn attitude. We observe closely that in most organizations the pipeline triumph is highly depend upon employees performance, employees attitudes, organizational support & rent out commitment. (Muhammad Masroor Alam).We are studying about that genes which the employee is well-off with his/her telephone line. Some more(prenominal) important factors are HR management policies & resemblanceship with co-workers. Primarily pay has been considered as the major factor for trade felicity however new(prenominal) related Factors like furtherance, work efforts and the splendour/ challenge of the rail line are also portion outn into Account. Through HR management policies increase feelingiveness in employees relationship, personal communication & strong decision making. (Effectsof job satisfaction).The main objective of our research is known how distinct factors prompt an employee during his /her job. Job satisfaction and its related factors like style of management style, leadership behavior & coworker relationship played important business office to increase satisfaction take aim of employee. Job satisfaction is influenced by many organizational contextual factors, ranging from salaries, job autonomy, job security, workplace flexibility, to leadership. In particular, leaders within organizations can adopt separate leadership styles to affect employee job satisfaction, commitment and productivity.it is true to said that A satisfy employee is an important resource of employee for achieving organizational goals. High job satisfaction enhances employees mental and physical wellbeing (Ilardi, Leone, Kansser, & Ryan, 1983)Primarily pay has been considered as the major factor for job satisfaction however other related factors like promotion, work efforts and the importance/challenge of the job are also taken into account.The banking sector in Pakistan after changing rapidly into a services sector has a lot of vehemence on its customers both internal and external. A common phrase implied in the corporate world is that satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. Customer guardianship is highly dependent on how employees deal with customers. Satisfied employees are more likely to be friendly, upbeat, and antiphonary which the customers appreciate. (Kamal) Morale of employee is also played a role as an important factor that influences the employee satisfaction. Employee examplee is the spirit, or tone, of an organization.According to a January 2005 article in Entrepreneur, morale is an effect, or end result, of workplace trails, relationships, changes or other elements. Job Satisfaction is the most common way of measurement is the engagement of rating scales where employees report their reactions to their jobs. Questions relate to rate of pay, work responsibilities, variety of tasks, promotional opportunities, the work itself and co-workers. Some questioners ask yes or no questions while others ask to rate satisfaction on 1-5 scale (where 1 represents not at all satisfied and 5 represents extremely satisfied). To sum up for each one element of the organization environment and system can chair. To or detract from job satisfaction (William B. Werthe, 2000) Every organization tries to achieve their objectives. In this connection they must concentrate in many aspects. As human resource of anorganization is considered as an importance resource,organizations appetency to keep well trained and effective work force.LITRATURE REVIEWEmployee satisfaction is the terminology used to describe whether employees are happy and contented and fulfilling their desires and need wide of the marky at work. Many measures purport that employee satisfaction is a factor in employee motivation, employee goal achievement, and substantiating employee morale in the wo rkplace. Employee satisfaction, while generally a arrogant in your organization, can also be a downer if mediocre employees stay because they are satisfied with your work environment (Airborne) In this review we dissertate that that a number of researcher have emphasized the importance of factors affecting job satisfaction. Job satisfaction involves several(prenominal) different spheres such as satisfaction with pay, promotion opportunities, decorate benefits, job security and the importance/challenge of the job. (Nguyen, 2000). In to daylights turbulent, oft chaotic, environment, commercial success depends on employees using their full talents.Yet in spite of the myriad of available theories and practices, managers often view motivation as something of a mystery. In part this is because individuals are motivated by different things and in different ways. In addition, these are times when delayering and the flattening of hierarchies can create insecurity and starting timeer sta ff morale. Moreover, more staff than ever forward are working part time or on limited-term contracts, and these employees are often especially hard to motivate. Twyla Dell writes of motivating employees, The heart of motivation is to afford people what they really want most from work. The more you are able to provide what they want, the more you should expect what you really want, namely productivity, fictional character, and service. (An Honest Days utilization (1988)). charge development involves managing your career either within or between organizations. It also includes learning new skills, and making improvements to help you in your career.Career development is an ongoing, lifelong process to help you learn and achieve more in your career. By creating a personal career development plan, you can toughened goals and objectives for your own personal career growth. (Career Development) Colleague morale of or concerned with the judgment of the effectualness or badness of hum an action and character moral scrutiny a moral quandary.(Weekly Electronics). The focus of lit on promotion systems is their validity in predicting performance, another factor to consider is the length of time that a system will continue to be used. Over time, one would expect promotion and selection systems to be modified or replaced entirely. The cost of administering performance scrutiny is considerable, and management periodically evaluates a systems validity and its ability to assess employee attitudes, qualifications and perception of business need (Smith, 2007). It is worth considering why firms might use promotions for incentives.Individualistic schemes, especially ones that do not depend on job assignments, allow more flexibility in providing incentives. In other words, promotions are often used to achieve two goals simultaneously that in principle might be separated putting employees in the right jobs, and generating motivation. Thus, it is not immediately distinct why p romotions should be used as incentives. (Gibbs). An important reason that promotions are sources of incentives is worker reputation, or career concerns (Fama, 1980). Where does reputation come from? Often it is the workers history of positions or promotions which provides the greatest evidence on productivity and potential. (Waldman, 1984).Social interaction with colleagues is a highly valued job aspect for many workers.Research in psychology, sociology, and management dispositions that receiving affective support from colleagues and having good interpersonal relationships at work are positively associated with job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment. (Sol, August 3, 2009). Social interaction with colleagues is also one of the most missed job aspects under retired workers in Australia. (Shacklock, 2005). Lastly, using time-use entropy for France and the US, Krueger and Schkade (2007) show that worker who are in jobs that entail more frequent interactions with co-workers are more satisfied with their jobs and in a better mood during work time. (Sol, August 3, 2009).These findings have a clear managerial tax deduction In their struggle to attract and retain workers, managers should strive to create and maintain high-quality co-worker relationships. Employees, who satisfy with their job, may practise high effort to organization wish to satisfy their employees for getting effective more work done. To make the best use of people as a valuable resource of the organization guardianship must be given to the relationship between staff and the nature and content of theirjobs. The organization and the design of jobs can have a significant effect on staff. Attention needs to be given to the quality of working life. According to organizational commitment can be defined as an employees level of identification and involvement in the organization. Mowday et al.defined organizational commitment as a strong belief in an organizations goals, and va lues, a willingness to exert considerable effort on behalf of an organization and a strong desire to remain a member of the organization . Age and job tenure are significant predictors of organizational commitment. Job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experience. It is a result of employees perception of how well their job provides those things that are viewed as important. Several researchers have reported mixed findings on the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment.For instance, Curry, Wakefield, Price and Mueller found no significant relationship between the two. However, other researchers. Many studies use different facets of job satisfaction to predict organizational commitment. Job satisfaction is a key instrument to gauge the organizational health as service quality largely depends upon the human resources. (Crossman & Abou-Zaki, 2003). Since the transformation of personnel i nto HR, and its inception in the industry new concepts related to human capital has been emerging day by day. away from the bread and butter the organization used to act as their sanctuary and no one was much concerned about the job itself or job satisfaction. Locke (1976) defined job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state, resulting from the appraisal of ones job experiences.In general, therefore, job satisfaction refers to an individuals positive emotional reactions to a particular job. In Pakistan the concept of HR is also flourishing day by day and employers as well as the employees are getting awareness of their rights and demands. Job satisfaction involves several different spheres such as satisfaction with pay, promotion opportunities, fringe benefits, job security and the importance/challenge of the job (Nguyen, 2000).Job satisfaction can lead to cost reduction by reducing absences, task errors, and turnover.Since work is an important aspect of peoples li ves and most people spend a large part of their working lives at work, understanding the factors involved in job satisfaction is crucial to improving employeesperformance and productivity. Job satisfaction has often been linked to organizational commitment, turnover intentions, and absenteeism. These variables are costly to an organization, as they could lead to low morale, poor performance, lower productivity, and higher costs of hiring, retention, and training. (Opkara, 2002).Recent studies emphasize that job satisfaction may be an important determinant of the choice between self- and wage-employment (Blanch-flower 2000, 2004 Georgellis et al. 2007 Taylor 1996, 1999).THEORATICAL FRAMEWORK occupancy SATISFACTIONJOB SATISFACTIONRelationship withCo-workersRelationship withCo-workersFAIR PROMOTIONSFAIR PROMOTIONSOrganizational research indicates that employees develop attitudes toward such job facets as work variety, pay, promotion, co-workers, confederation policies, and supervisors (Johnson & Johnson, 2000Taber & Alleger, 1995). Job design affect the job satisfaction, as jobs that are rich in behavioral Elements such as variety autonomy, task unimportance and feedback contribute to employees satisfaction. (Kamal) .Locke (1976) defined job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state, resulting from the appraisal of ones job experiences. Job satisfaction has significance towards human health both physical and mental and is positively or negatively correlated. . Satisfied employees are more likely to be friendly, upbeat, and responsive which the customers appreciate. (R. T. Mowday, 1982 New York) The purpose of study is to investigate about the relationship of job satisfaction with fair promotion & relation with coworkers of the organization.HYPOTHESISBased on the literature discussed this study attempted to answer the following questions1) Increase in promotion increases job satisfaction.2) Increase in relation with coworkers increases job satisfa ction. So there is a positive relationship between fair promotion, Relationship with coworkers & job satisfaction.METHODOLOGYA sample of 60 employees was randomly selected from different education institutes & different universe offices in Rawalpindi & Islamabad. Purpose of study is descriptive because we know something but exactly we want to prove this about the characteristic of employees. Convert it in exactitude i.e. Mean, Median, Mode. take used in this research is convenience sampling. Different educational institutes in Pakistan were targeted in the vicinity of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. . The target audience was officer level & Teachers. . A tested questionnaire has been used with a number of variables related to job satisfaction, Promotion & Relationship with Coworkers. Questionnaires were circulated among the employers and their responses were collected. A total of one hundred questionnaires were distributed out of which sixty questionnaires were fill by the respondents, which is successful ratio in social research.The major problems faced during the entropy collection procedure were mostly peoples unwillingness to fill and not victorious this as a serious research. Another problem was that employees were reluctant to write the truth as their supervisors might know and would create problems for them in future. However, once they were realize that this effort is done purely for research purposes and their responses should not bear their identity as well as will be kept confidential then(prenominal) they filled the questionnaires with ease. Data synopsis in a quantitative research is essential as the interpretation and coding of responses can be very critical. The analysis part has been dealt with using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The questions and responses were coded and entered in SPSS for analysis followed by the interpretation of the results.The variables were coded in SPSS and certain statistical methods were applied on the data to get the results which were analyzed. In the first instance the reliability of the tool used was measured to find out whether the instrument used is reliable or not. Their satisfaction with promotional opportunities, co-workers was also compared. Linear regression analysis was employed to examine therelationship between different overall job satisfaction, promotion and co-workers. ANOVA on with its extensions has been used for comparing means and the results. Simple correlation has also been applied to the data to find out relationships among different variables and a comprehensive regression present with its extensions is applied.Reliability AnalysisIn the first instant the reliability analysis using the SPSS was done to find out the reliability of the instrument used for data collection. Cronbachs alpha is the most common form of internal consistency reliability coefficient. The value of alpha should lie between 0 and 1. * Reliability of job satisfaction is 0.645 & the no. of items is 8 * Reliability of promotion is 0.667 & the no. of items is 2 * Reliability of relation with coworkers is 0.537 & the no. of items is 4 Correlation AnalysisCorrelation is a statistical tool which can determine the strength and direction of relationship between two variables. The value of correlation ranges from +1 to -1 and both these values show strong positive and negative relationships. While the value 0 show no relationship. Results shows that the correlation between relation with coworkers, Promotion, Job Satisfaction. The value of correlation coefficient for coworkers & promotion with job satisfaction is 0.209 and 0.420 simultaneously, which shows a positive relationship of both variables with job satisfaction. This relationship is significant at 0.01.for coworkers & 0.110 for promotion. Promotion & coworkers are equally correlate with each other at 0.232 & level of significance is 0.074 of both.Regression AnalysisThe value of is 0.436, and R Square is 0 .190. The value of R shows a moderate to strong positive relationship between two variables and job satisfaction. The value of R Square shows that model explains 19% variance in job satisfaction. The rest of variance is explained by other variables not included in the model. This results support our alternate hypothesis which assumed a causal relationship between our model (independent and dependent variables). closedownThis research accepted that the employees promotion and relation withcoworkers has positive impact on job satisfaction. That is high level of fair promotion, good working condition leads to high level job satisfaction. So we accept our H1 that shows positive relationship b/w job satisfaction, promotion and relation with coworkers. There are several factors affecting employees satisfaction, but as a researcher we consider only two independent variables promotion, relationship with coworkers. We take minimum sample of 60 and it take less time through less financing.The entire formulated hypothesis have been accepted, it is necessary to improve job satisfaction through promotion and relation with coworkers. Following are some suggestions given to improve job satisfaction. * Organization should develop good working condition. This facilitates employees to do their work effectively. * Organization should develop good relationship among employees. Through which, promotion of employees is enhanced. As a research, employees job satisfaction will be at high level. * Organization should provide unprejudiced promotion. That is promotion should be provided based on the qualification of employees and or experience.References1. G. Beukhof, M. J. de Jong and W. J. Nijhof, Employee shipment in Changing Organization An Exploration, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 22,No. 6, 1998, pp. 243-248.2. Thornhill, P. Lewis and M. N. K. Saunders, The Role of Employee conference in Achieving Commitment and Quality in Higher Education, Quality Assurance in Education, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1996, pp. 12-20.3. R. W. Rowden, The Relationship between Charismatic leaders Behaviors and Organizational Commitment, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol.21, 2000, pp. 30-35.4. R. T. Mowday, L. W. Porter and R. M. Steers, Employee-Organization Linkages The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism and Turnover, Academic Press,Inc., New York, 1982. 5. L. T. Mullins, Management and Organizational Behavior, 5th Edition, Financial Times Management,London,1999. 6. S. O. Salami, Demographic and Psychological Factors Predicting Organizational Commitment among Industrial Workers, Anthropologist, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2008, pp. 31-38.7. E. Luthans, Organizational Behavior, Irwin/McGraw Hill, New York, 1998.8. J. Curry, D. Wakefield, J. Price and C. Mueller, On the Causal Ordering of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 29,No. 4, 1986, pp. 847-858.9. B. Mannheim, Y. Baruch and J. Tal, Alternative Models for Anteced ents and Outcomes of Work Centrality and Job Satisfaction of High-Tech Personnel, Human Relations, Vol. 50, No. 12, 1997, pp. 1537-1562.10. T. Busch, L. Fallan and A. Pettersen, Disciplinary Differences in Job Satisfaction Self-Efficacy, Goal Commitment and Organizational Commitment among Faculty Employees in Norwegian Colleges An Empirical Assessment of Indicators of Performance, Quality in Higher Education, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1998, pp. 137-157.

A Problem in the American Education System Essay

This conundrum allow train dire effects on those dropouts as well as other aspects such as pecuniary and health problems. Many factors ultimately push the students off their path to a lives degree and end their dreams of ever becoming a revive or maybe even a businessman. Along with those ca engrosss, there be serious consequences for those college dropouts. One effect that happens when a college student drops out of school would be that a huge debt must be paid back and since they dropped out it turn to be a wasted investment.Students looking to go to college, hen dropout assume no answer to deliver the specie back which they were hoping to find a c areer with a college degree they wanted. Students often put a lot of m unitaryy into college, thus putting them into debt. When the feements are finally too high for them they cannot afford to stay in school and all the money they put in is for naught. The students are under so much debt after dropping out and have nothing to show for it.That college degree they were hoping to receive at their graduation in non-existent which they were hoping to use as a tool in order to become successful. Who whops hat career a degree could have got them into, maybe a well- make uping Job that would pull through them from going broke from paying all the loans they used to go to school. All the money that could have been used in order to gain knowledge will be down the drain and the student now would have a harder time paying back those loans and supporting themselves.This also affects the schools and the taxpayers. All the money they are putting into paying and helping students with their schooling has nothing to showing for it. The millions of dollars that are being put into paving the way for the tudents financially do not pay off and instead money is lost. This slows down the whole country as there are less available untried young workers to fill the positions of new work. Without a college degree, students earnin g potential are much lower than those of graduates.In order to pay off debts from loans to go to school and bills, students have to find a showtime of income and without a degree, finding a Job is much harder. Dropouts have a harder time finding a Job than those already with a degree. With a bachelors degree, it is easier to find Jobs as many opportunities are now open. A cause of college students dropping out is the amount they have to pay for just one semester. As many students do not even have a Job it is difficult for them to support themselves after paying for tuition and also pay for supplies they would later need for classes such as textbooks.A report from the Public Agenda for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation shows the students from the ages of 22 to 30 years erstwhile(a) shows state that their main reason for leaving school is their problems with financial stability. From my experience as of today even now I have a problem having to pay for school at CSULB. Luckily I ha ve financial aid because without it I would it I dont think that I could have survived the first semester of college. Family problems such as having kids during school, or taking care of a sick family member could cause someone to leave college.Having to spend a volumed amount of time away from thing such as studying for an upcoming test really hurts the students in the long run. This hurts them because it keeps them preoccupied with things that they need to compass which is their dream of finding a career in their major and pursue it. Stress develops which may be from the numerous personal problems. Rising uition make students real have to think about what they buy next. Most students already have to Juggle work and school at the same time Oohnson).I know for a fact that going to college is a hard task even now as a freshman, there is more homework and students have to pay for everything themselves. I understand why most students drop out because they cannot handle the pressure. Another cause for college dropouts is their scores on exams. Of course doing bad on a test will make students fail your class as this is already obvious. Lots of factors also cause students to do haplessly on their exams such as stress and financial roblems One final cause for students leaving college early is their lack of motivation and preparation.As most students say their high schools did a poor Job in preparing them for their next step in life stated from a survey by Public Agenda (Crosseley). In college students have to maintain their time socially and their time for school. Prioritizing this time is now critical of the all the times spent in school. Being bored really will not help you succeed in receiving a bachelors degree in your hand. For the many college students that attend today that go to college it may be a hard task. Still, college dropouts remain a problem in the American education system.

Jazz: Urban and Rural Reactions In the 1920s Essay

Subject Area Music and American CultureTopic Jazz urban and Rural Reactions in the 1920sIn parallel with the uproar of fill out during the 1920s came the commotion of incompatible critics from various geographical settings. Many of the fair pile living in rural areas detest and rejected hunch over as a euphonyal genre. However, the urban metropolis-dwellers were more fond of it therefore, it was more generally accepted and often lay out in city nightclubs and radio stations. Several characteristics of cities also allowed drive in to survive in urban areas over the rural ones, such as diversity, gross profit, a more progressive attitude, technology (media, radio), more entertainment locations, and a more educated populace.Cities were known for the more relaxed and less-religious atmosphere in contrast with cities, the rural setting was prevail by a more religious and orthodox mood with a homogenous population that was more opposed to the cultural liberalism found in the cities, sleep together, and the dreary society in general. Unlike the rural areas of the time, the socio-cultural dynamic of urban areas, with respect to tolerance, diversity, education, nightlife, and the media, allowed nullity to thrive and become a broad part of American culture.The establishment of jazz occurred in the midst of the years 1897 and 1917. When jazz bands started playing, they had no way of recording their symphony until 1917 and even then, the quality of these recordings were atrocious. Another aspect of early jazz was that anything that was cont residuum was ever written. Jazz evolved from the blues, ragtime, brass band music, and other musical works that were all around the United States. One important factor that existed only in New Orleans, namely, the black Creole subculture allowed jazz to emanate from the mentioned city (Weinstock).Another aspect of New Orleans that allowed jazz to thrive in this city was the pastiche of ethnic, cultural, and music al conditions and the necessary philosophical impetus for jazz i.e., freedom of individual expression supported by group interaction (Weinstock). This implies that New Orleans was one of the cities, and more or less likely one of the first, that hosted the new counter-culture that would soon hand out through with(predicate)out the United States. The preeminence of New Orleans as a Jazz center came to an end in 1917 during World War I as a result of still another ordinance when Storyville (an area of New Orleans that was full of bounce halls and bordellos where Jazz was thedominant music) was closed by the Navy Department (Weinstock).As a whole, the United States embraced jazz, just now there were still some groups of the great unwashed who disliked jazz and all that it represented. These close minded people, especially those in small-town America, were afraid of the fast changes that were occurring in society and that jazz was the cause of the loosening of morals and stimul ate dislocations (Roaring 1). The New York American published an article expressing the views of galore(postnominal) conservative, whiteness Americans who thought that moral disaster was coming to hundreds of puppylike American girls through the pathological, nerve-irritating, sex-exciting music of jazz(Roaring 2).White audiences in the southwardern part of the States were ruthless towards black people and their music. The north appeared to be more tolerant, but there were still many confrontations between blacks and whites. Jazz was a part of modernism which helped pave the way for liberals who felt pinned down by the older conservative generations. It also served as a forte for white musicians searching to liberate themselves from the conservative constraints of their time. One can see that the northern part of the states, where cities were mostly located, accepted jazz more easily and quicker.The predomination of racism and general intolerance towards the black culture was an other aspect of rural areas that did not allow jazz to thrive. Since jazz was also rejected because of its African American origins, and not only because of the supposed moral decay that it provoked in the youth of America, racism also tied into the calumniation of jazz. This also affected the conservative populace of the suburbs who were afraid their young girls were mesmerized by the black music. Jazz was so closely tied with to African American culture that it was often referred to as creation the accompaniment of the voodoo dancer (Roaring 2). By referring to jazz in this manner, critics were trying to degrade and undermine everything that it meant to the black community.They were also trying to lure white Americans into their train of thought and trying to get them agree with their mind mapping accusations. Many Americans were appalled to see their children dancing to music that was believed to have emerged from the Negro brothels of the south(Roaring 2). In addition, a plet hora of jazz criticsbecame famous for voicing their dislike of jazz. But in fact, they hid behind their critiques of jazz in order to express, not the dislike of the music, but the social and political dislike of the black population (Anderson 135). The problem that worried white conservatives the most was interbreeding between black and white young people who were really into jazz mainly because it belonged to the new counter-culture. Jazz served as the highway that joined blacks and whites. Whites were not only racists towards blacks emotionally, but their prejudice expanded to influencing their material behavior as well.Many times did the racist, anti-jazz white population try to sully jazz to something much dirtier than it truly was. Since jazz came from the black population, who were once slaves, jazz was not socially accepted as a real musical genre. It often occurred that jazz musicians were characterized as viruses that attempt to infect the general population through thei r music. Jazz was pocked Mumbo-Jumbo (meaning non-sense) by many critics, and by this discounting jazz as any kind of music where talent is needed. It seemed like the white trend was being against jazz and its black producer.According to an article in the September 1918 issue of the Current Opinion One touch of jazz makes savages of us all (Anderson 138). The design of white critics was to undermine black music and culture. Hate towards jazz and jazz musicians in general came to such extremes as to where they were threatened through magazine articles. These articles suggested lynching, kidnappings, and murders, among others, to tire the black population. Even though that by the 1920s and early 1930s jazz had gained an international reputation and was already part of the American culture, the racial innuendoes in articles on jazz continued (Anderson 141). The white population continuously tried to limit jazzs growth, by letting the jazz musicians know that their music was not welc ome through critical and controversial magazine and newspaper articles.The main goal of the critics who published articles dehumanizing blacks and bashing jazz was to disenfranchise the jazz industry and to label blacks as savages who wanted to recruit more and more people to their music. Music soothes the savage beast, but we never stopped to consider that an entirelydifferent type of music might invoke savage instincts(Anderson 141-42).With this, Anderson is trying to imply that blacks are savages and those who listen to jazz will turn into savages as well. By the latter part of 1924, jazz had gained many white musicians and had also grown in popularity among the white crowd. The white population came to believe that notion that when white people play jazz, it is jazz music, but when black people play jazz, it is jungle noise (Anderson 144). So, in order to accept this, many critics came to the conclusion that white and black jazz were different and that white jazz was pleasing w hile black jazz tried to make music but only succeeded in producing noise. Critics played a huge determination in dehumanizing jazz and the black population.During the late 1920s to early 1930s, Jazz became so big that it came to shape and represent the new American culture of the cities and the people of this time. Jazz music became a symbol for all the modern innovations that traditionalists despised the new leisure, city life, Freud, and other elements of the 1920s cultural modernism(Peretti 2). Peretti is implying that jazz became a huge part of America in a way that it helped shape the culture to what it is today. In fact, it became such a big influence, that during the 1930s white jazz musicians tried to get all the credit for jazz and succeeded in many places. Audiences would consider many white per conformationers (i.e. Benny Goodman) symbolic to jazz.However, in big cities like Chicago, blacks were assign with the invention of jazz and their seemed to be more cooperation between black and white musicians. Chicago was one of the main destinations for black musicians who moved from rural to urban areas of the state of matter in order to play and promote their music. It is speculated that white musicians only exploited jazz because of the commercial gain and the huge public attention that it had. It is also believed by some that they played the music in parody in order to mock the black musicians and jazz. In many places, whites tried to take all the brilliance for inventing jazz while whites in other locations stepped out and let the black culture shine.The big cities of America were famous for their animated and wide ranging nightlife that allowed jazz to be heard by a manifold of people. Many clubsaround the states opened their doors to jazz and jazz musicians from various ethnicities, though mainly white and black. Jazz nightlife reached its bang in Harlem, New York during the 1920s. This era was also known as the Harlem Renaissance. During thi s time one of the most eminent clubs in that area was the Cotton Club.The elite would frequently congregate at this location which was famous for having alcohol, during the age of prohibition, and because of its jazz. Although jazz and black jazz musicians were welcomed and most of the time the protagonists on the stage, they were not allowed to be part of the regular(a) crowd or mingle with the white throng admission to the Cotton Club was strictly limited to whites. This was an example of how the white population discriminated the black people but embraced their music and part of their culture. American cities, like New Orleans, New York, and Chicago, were the birthplaces of jazz and allowed jazz to spread throughout the other states.Another northern city that was also affected by the big bang of jazz music and its culture was Chicago. This was also a scene where prohibition loomed and nightclubs defied it. Big jazz bands were many times features in lavish shows put on in cabaret s. Many Chicago residents turned to these destinations in search of a fun night. For many city-dwellers, connexion the jazz scene was a way of protesting against prohibition. Biting and incisive, jazz personified this protest, this direct, raw approach to life, which offended the solid citizen and was looked upon as sinful by puppeteers and preachers and as twopenny-halfpenny and tawdry by small-minded classicists(Dexter 34).Chicago was not only the scene of protest against prohibition, but also the place where many young musicians moved to with a goal to start and succeed at their own musical careers. Many prospered, but many more did not Chicago became such a hotbed for jazz, that there were too many musicians trying to spread their sounds. One of the places where musicians could go to listen and talk to other musicians was the Three Deuces (later known as the Off-Beat Club). It was a convenient and catchpenny(prenominal) place to meet and jam between jobs (Dexter 38). When jaz z was on the verge of expansion, numerous small clubs appeared in many cities were jazz musicians could congregate and listen to different songs and interpretations.The invention of the talkie, an early form of the jukebox, had a great impact on the spread of jazz. At first, many musicians had no idea how the talkie could turn over the music scene. At this time, the only way to listen to music was to presence it live. The talkie allowed for a raunchy reproduction of several tunes, which became the perfect tool for the spread of the popularity of jazz. These talkies were soon spotted and nightclubs, diners, bars, and other locations, for their customers to listen to jazz (or any form of music) freely. The talkie sparked a new interest for jazz, which later led to the dispersion of many musicians from Chicago who moved on to accept jobs in other cities (especially New York). The invention of the talkie gave people from all around the country access to jazz anytime they pleased.Jazz o wes all its fame, glory, and expansion to the great cities of the 1920s America. Full of diverse people, vast places for entertainment, the radio and a more educated populace that yielded more tolerance to new ideas and forms of expression, cities opened their doors to jazz and all that this new music represented. They were responsible in allowing for the formation of jazz to what it is today embedded in the American culture, jazz has become the only true American form of music. Though often challenged by close-mindedness, jazz managed to prosper. Jazz has not only maintained its original form through the interpretation of some talented musicians but it has also evolved to influence the popular music of today.Works CitedAnderson, Maureen. White Reception of Jazz in America. African American Review.8.1 135-145 (Spring 2004).Dexter Jr., Dave. The Jazz Story from the 90s to the 60s.New Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964.Peretti, Burton W. Jazz in American Culture.Chicago Ivan R. Dee, 199 7.Peretti, Burton W. The Creation of Jazz Music, Race, and Culture in urban America.Chicago University of Illinois Press, 1992.Roaring Twenties History in the Key of Jazz. PBS Jazz A Film by Ken Burns.7 September 2004. Weinstock, Len. The Origins of Jazz. The violent Hot Jazz Archive.29 January 2005.